製糖業暗中付錢使哈佛做出對糖正面的研究 - 健身

※ 引述《ffreakoo (Krisch)》之銘言：
: http://goo.gl/Q8TVqV
: 剛剛讀到的一篇報導，指出哈佛兩篇營養學報告的兩位營養學家（均已故）在做研究期間的經費由製糖公司（The Sugar Research Foundation)支持，進而發表對製糖業有利（favorable)的結果。
: 用手機不方便逐字翻譯，如果大家有疑問可以繼續討論。
: 精緻的糖真的對身體有害無益，大家趕緊戒掉吧！
: ***
: The trade group solicited Hegsted, a professor of nutrition at Harvard’s public health school, to write a literature review aimed at countering early research linking sucrose to coronary heart disease. The group paid the equivalent of $48,000 in 2016 dollars to Hegsted and colleague Dr. Robert McGandy, though the researchers never publicly disclosed that funding source, Kearns found.
: 兩位哈佛營養學家被發現收了製糖業者相當於現今的$48,000美元
: Hegsted and Stare tore apart studies that implicated sugar and concluded that there was only one dietary modification — changing fat and cholesterol intake — that could prevent coronary heart disease. Their reviews were published in 1967 in the New England Journal of Medicine, which back then did not require researchers to disclose conflicts of interest.
: That was an era when researchers were battling over which dietary culprit — sugar or fat — was contributing to the deaths of many Americans, especially men, from coronary heart disease, the buildup of plaque in arteries of the heart. Kearns said the papers, which the trade group later cited in pamphlets provided to policymakers, aided the industry’s plan to increase sugar’s market share by convincing Americans to eat a low-fat diet.
: 那兩位哈佛營養學家發表的文獻裡面，唯一的變量(variable)是脂肪跟膽固醇攝取。
: 但他們沒有揭露利益（因為在那個年代不需要利益揭露）
: 那個時期剛好是研究者/學者爭論糖跟脂肪哪個造成更多美國人的冠狀動脈心臟病死亡案例。
: 因為這兩篇biased的研究，影響到執政者，所以執政者開始推行低脂飲食。
: Nearly 50 years later, some nutritionists consider sugar a risk factor for coronary heart disease, though there’s no consensus. Having two major reviews published in an influential journal “helped shift the emphasis of the discussion away from sugar onto fat,” said Stanton Glantz, Kearns’s coauthor and her advisor at UCSF. “By doing that, it delayed the development of a scientific consensus on sugar-heart disease for decades.”
: 五十年後的今天，有些營養學家開始質疑糖對於冠狀動脈心臟病的影響。但是因為這兩位哈佛學者的有利的文獻，使得焦點一直放在脂肪而非糖身上。
: ......寫扣的空擋稍微翻譯一下，就算不是醫學/營養學背景的人也可以自己找文獻來看，千萬不要隨著網路上（不具名）自稱專家的偏頗言論起舞。
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: Sent from JPTT on my iPhone

每次看到這種文章時，我都會想去文獻系統查一下比較新的研究

方法是用google scholar搜尋

關鍵字大概抓一下，像想查碳水化合物，就輸入carbohydrate heart disease

然後把年份先調到2012年以後的文獻

第一篇就是這篇

http://tinyurl.com/ze2x9fh

節錄重點:

Higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and carbohydrates from
whole grains were significantly associated with a lower risk of CHD comparing
the highest with lowest quintile for PUFAs and for carbohydrates from whole
grains.

In contrast, carbohydrates from refined starches/added sugars were positively
associated with a risk of CHD.

額外添加糖類的甜食以及飽和脂肪和心血管疾病有正相關

和我們一般人的健康觀念並沒有不同

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其實這篇文章最大的盲點在:

現在2016年了

結果這篇報導在靠盃50年前的研究?

抗生素都出四代了，怎麼會有人去靠盃盤尼西林不好用?

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