對肌肥大而言離心收縮較向心收縮重要 - 健身

By Yuri
at 2022-10-12T23:55
at 2022-10-12T23:55
Table of Contents
在阻力訓練中,許多變因 (例如:訓練強度、訓練量、動作行程等) 都會影響身體在阻力
訓練後產生的生理適應及增長的幅度,而對這些生理適應有足夠的理解是設定一個成功的
訓練計畫不可或缺的一部分,理解訓練背後的生理適應幫助我們在制定訓練計畫時能有邏
輯地安排各項訓練變量,從而能找出最有效率的訓練方法(Gilgoroska et al., 2022)。
https://imgur.com/E4vugaN
而最近一篇新的研究(Sato et al., 2022)發現了針對上肢的肌肉生長我們只需要做離心
收縮就夠了,Sato et al.(2022)調查了針對無訓練經驗的年輕人實施連續五周的單關節
阻力訓練 (Elbow Flexors, 肘屈肌) 分別採用離心、向心及離心加向心訓練對於肌肥大
、肌力的成長效果,實驗受試者們分為四組: 向心收縮組(CON)、離心收縮組(ECC)、向心
加離心收縮組(CON+ECC)、控制組(CG),除控制組不參加訓練外,向心收縮組、離心收縮
組、向心+離心收縮組三組每周訓練兩次三組十下的牧師椅二頭彎舉,但三組的訓練內容
各有所區別,向心收縮組每下做將啞鈴向上2秒的向心收縮而已,離心收縮組每下做將啞
鈴向下兩秒的離心收縮,而向心加離心收縮組做完整的2秒向上向心收縮及2秒向下離心收
縮。
https://imgur.com/oULI2bu
五周的訓練後的檢測結果顯示了在肌力方面,離心收縮組和向心加離心收縮組在離心肌力
、等長肌力都有相似且優於向心收縮組的成長,而向心肌力則是向心收縮組、離心收縮組
、向心加離心收縮組三組都有成長且三組之間的成長幅度沒有顯著差異,至於肘屈肌的肌
肥大效果,離心收縮組和向心加離心收縮組有相似的成長,而向心收縮組訓練前後則無顯
著差異。
https://imgur.com/49zOSYz
https://imgur.com/GyUCTEA
這篇研究結果和先前的其他類似研究(Chen et al., 2017; Maeo et al., 2018; Sato
et al., 2021; Tseng et al., 2020)有著相似的結果,而肌肥大效果主要是源自於透過
訓練改變身體肌肉蛋白質合成及分解速率,使蛋白質合成效率大於分解進而增加肌肉質量
,而目前研究(Gligoroska et al., 2022)提出了離心收縮訓練肌肉纖維伸長的過程對於
肌肉細胞信號傳導(Cell Signaling)的效果最大,進而和等長、向心收縮訓練相比最能加
速蛋白質合成(Protein Synthesis),因此執行以肌肉成長為目的的阻力訓練計畫時,離
心訓練的重要性或許大於向心訓練,至於以肌力成長或運動表現為目標的訓練計畫,個人
認為需考慮的點較多或許僅包含離心的訓練並不是最理想的,因動作的產生大部分還是依
賴向心收縮,且此篇研究僅探討短期的上肢單關節運動,並無協調性或技巧性的成分在內
,因此同樣的結果是否能套用在長期的多關節訓練還需仰賴未來其他研究闡明。
https://imgur.com/kTOMeOE
https://imgur.com/0wYojXc
References:
Chen, T. C. C., Tseng, W. C., Huang, G. L., Chen, H. L., Tseng, K. W., &
Nosaka, K. (2017). Superior effects of eccentric to concentric knee extensor
resistance training on physical fitness, insulin sensitivity and lipid
profiles of elderly men. Frontiers in physiology, 8, 209.
Gligoroska, J. P., Manchevska, S., Petrovska, S., & Dejanova, B. (2022).
PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY. Research in Physical
Education, Sport & Health, 11(1).
Maeo, S., Shan, X., Otsuka, S., Kanehisa, H., & Kawakami, Y. (2018).
Neuromuscular adaptations to work-matched maximal eccentric versus concentric
training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50(8), 1629.
Sato, S., Yoshida, R., Kiyono, R., Yahata, K., Yasaka, K., Nosaka, K., &
Nakamura, M. (2021). Cross-education and detraining effects of eccentric vs.
concentric resistance training of the elbow flexors. BMC Sports Science,
Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 1-12.
Sato, S., Yoshida, R., Murakoshi, F., Sasaki, Y., Yahata, K., Kasahara, K.,
... & Nakamura, M. (2022). Comparison between concentric-only,
eccentric-only, and concentric–eccentric resistance training of the elbow
flexors for their effects on muscle strength and hypertrophy. European
Journal of Applied Physiology, 1-8.
Tseng, W. C., Nosaka, K., Tseng, K. W., Chou, T. Y., & Chen, T. C. (2020).
Contralateral effects by unilateral eccentric versus concentric resistance
training.
--
愛丁堡/台北 劉教練, Jeff Liu
https://imgur.com/ehMgRdc
https://www.instagram.com/jeff_liu_0801/
https://www.facebook.com/tpe.coachliu
--
訓練後產生的生理適應及增長的幅度,而對這些生理適應有足夠的理解是設定一個成功的
訓練計畫不可或缺的一部分,理解訓練背後的生理適應幫助我們在制定訓練計畫時能有邏
輯地安排各項訓練變量,從而能找出最有效率的訓練方法(Gilgoroska et al., 2022)。
https://imgur.com/E4vugaN
而最近一篇新的研究(Sato et al., 2022)發現了針對上肢的肌肉生長我們只需要做離心
收縮就夠了,Sato et al.(2022)調查了針對無訓練經驗的年輕人實施連續五周的單關節
阻力訓練 (Elbow Flexors, 肘屈肌) 分別採用離心、向心及離心加向心訓練對於肌肥大
、肌力的成長效果,實驗受試者們分為四組: 向心收縮組(CON)、離心收縮組(ECC)、向心
加離心收縮組(CON+ECC)、控制組(CG),除控制組不參加訓練外,向心收縮組、離心收縮
組、向心+離心收縮組三組每周訓練兩次三組十下的牧師椅二頭彎舉,但三組的訓練內容
各有所區別,向心收縮組每下做將啞鈴向上2秒的向心收縮而已,離心收縮組每下做將啞
鈴向下兩秒的離心收縮,而向心加離心收縮組做完整的2秒向上向心收縮及2秒向下離心收
縮。
https://imgur.com/oULI2bu
五周的訓練後的檢測結果顯示了在肌力方面,離心收縮組和向心加離心收縮組在離心肌力
、等長肌力都有相似且優於向心收縮組的成長,而向心肌力則是向心收縮組、離心收縮組
、向心加離心收縮組三組都有成長且三組之間的成長幅度沒有顯著差異,至於肘屈肌的肌
肥大效果,離心收縮組和向心加離心收縮組有相似的成長,而向心收縮組訓練前後則無顯
著差異。
https://imgur.com/49zOSYz
https://imgur.com/GyUCTEA
這篇研究結果和先前的其他類似研究(Chen et al., 2017; Maeo et al., 2018; Sato
et al., 2021; Tseng et al., 2020)有著相似的結果,而肌肥大效果主要是源自於透過
訓練改變身體肌肉蛋白質合成及分解速率,使蛋白質合成效率大於分解進而增加肌肉質量
,而目前研究(Gligoroska et al., 2022)提出了離心收縮訓練肌肉纖維伸長的過程對於
肌肉細胞信號傳導(Cell Signaling)的效果最大,進而和等長、向心收縮訓練相比最能加
速蛋白質合成(Protein Synthesis),因此執行以肌肉成長為目的的阻力訓練計畫時,離
心訓練的重要性或許大於向心訓練,至於以肌力成長或運動表現為目標的訓練計畫,個人
認為需考慮的點較多或許僅包含離心的訓練並不是最理想的,因動作的產生大部分還是依
賴向心收縮,且此篇研究僅探討短期的上肢單關節運動,並無協調性或技巧性的成分在內
,因此同樣的結果是否能套用在長期的多關節訓練還需仰賴未來其他研究闡明。
https://imgur.com/kTOMeOE
https://imgur.com/0wYojXc
References:
Chen, T. C. C., Tseng, W. C., Huang, G. L., Chen, H. L., Tseng, K. W., &
Nosaka, K. (2017). Superior effects of eccentric to concentric knee extensor
resistance training on physical fitness, insulin sensitivity and lipid
profiles of elderly men. Frontiers in physiology, 8, 209.
Gligoroska, J. P., Manchevska, S., Petrovska, S., & Dejanova, B. (2022).
PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY. Research in Physical
Education, Sport & Health, 11(1).
Maeo, S., Shan, X., Otsuka, S., Kanehisa, H., & Kawakami, Y. (2018).
Neuromuscular adaptations to work-matched maximal eccentric versus concentric
training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50(8), 1629.
Sato, S., Yoshida, R., Kiyono, R., Yahata, K., Yasaka, K., Nosaka, K., &
Nakamura, M. (2021). Cross-education and detraining effects of eccentric vs.
concentric resistance training of the elbow flexors. BMC Sports Science,
Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 1-12.
Sato, S., Yoshida, R., Murakoshi, F., Sasaki, Y., Yahata, K., Kasahara, K.,
... & Nakamura, M. (2022). Comparison between concentric-only,
eccentric-only, and concentric–eccentric resistance training of the elbow
flexors for their effects on muscle strength and hypertrophy. European
Journal of Applied Physiology, 1-8.
Tseng, W. C., Nosaka, K., Tseng, K. W., Chou, T. Y., & Chen, T. C. (2020).
Contralateral effects by unilateral eccentric versus concentric resistance
training.
--
愛丁堡/台北 劉教練, Jeff Liu
https://imgur.com/ehMgRdc
https://www.instagram.com/jeff_liu_0801/
https://www.facebook.com/tpe.coachliu
--
Tags:
健身
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