TDEE 解讀 - 健身
By Ophelia
at 2017-07-27T13:46
at 2017-07-27T13:46
Table of Contents
我就一農民甚麼鬼都不懂 ... 加減貼在這邊好了
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#TDEE #Total #Daily #Energy #Expenditure #文件解讀
我對份量頗執著,很大的原因是,我相信當長期攝取不足,很容易會引致代謝下滑。
雖然是一份古老的資料,老掉牙,但我連四群法都掘出來,又何妨用一下古董的聯合國世界糧農組織的文件?
我依然很強調,我比較關心糧產。亦喜歡這一方面的理解,甚至很有跑去全職種田的取向,可惜我家的是另一種,所以只能加減小規摸給土吃種子。
文件是這一份 http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5686e/y5686e07.htm
能量真實耗用近乎不能算。除非是 rider 一類有實際的功率計再轉換,不然所有算式都是估算值。
就是用 PA ,用 B.E.E. (Basal Energy Expenditure) 等等都是取平均值,而平均,亦有高有低。
實際的公式還牽上更多例如 MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task),這能運算的很多。甚至是再經由加速度,三軸儀等等去評估。
而這亦依然會受身體情況如訓練度,或者健康情況如疾病,傷患等等上昇或下降。
要得到確實的數值很難。
但是,如果是基本數值,還是能大慨得知。
例如,平均的實際人均能量消耗是 PAL 1.6(由1.55到1.65之間,不分男女)
『A meta-analysis of studies that involved a total of 411 men and women from 18 to 64 years of age showed a modal value for PAL of 1.60 (range 1.55 to 1.65) for both men and women (Black et al., 1996). 』
另一份是,低活動量也在 PAL 1.5 到 1.55 之間
『An expert panel of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) suggested a somewhat lower PAL range of 1.50 to 1.55 as being representative of sedentary individuals (Erlichman, Kerbey and James, 2001).』
而在生活上,這數字大多是界乎於 PAL 1.4 到 2.4
『The PAL values that can be sustained for a long period of time by free-living adult populations range from about 1.40 to 2.40.』
最極限的情況是,能達到 PAL 4.5到4.7
『At the other end of the scale, studies have shown PAL values as high as 4.5 to 4.7 during three weeks of competitive cycling (Westerterp et al., 1986), or hauling sleds across the Arctic (Stroud, Coward and Sawyer, 1993).』
而下限呢?
基本喪失了活動能力,需要被照顧的病人,需求是 1.21到1.27
『in elderly mental patients (Prentice et al., 1989), adolescents with cerebral palsy or myelodysplasia (Bandini et al., 1991) and resting adults confined to a whole body calorimeter (Ravussin et al., 1991; Schulz et al., 1992). The mean PAL of 1.21, which is similar to the baseline energy need of 1.27 estimated in the 1985 report, is suggested for short-term survival of totally inactive dependent people in conditions of crisis (WHO, 1985).』
而這份文件的目的,主要是去計算,如果是短期救濟,所需要提供的比較合理的煙食下限值
『The consultation hence suggests that food supplies to satisfy a PAL of 1.40, which represents the lower limit of the sedentary lifestyle range shown in Table 5.3, would be more appropriate for short-term relief interventions.』
所以,如果女生的基礎代謝是 1100.
最基本的食量是 PAL 1.27 即 1397大卡
被救濟的情況是 PAL 1.40 即 1540大卡
假如是正常的活動,大慨是 PAL 1.55 即 1705 大卡
假如有普通的運動到 PAL 1.70 的水平,那是 1870大卡。
日運動量超出一小時,由2.0 起跳,不述。
我對現在的飲食建議,其實很擔心。
那份量,似乎有點少。
BMR 基礎代謝 1100 ,那不過是大慨 35 歲,身高 155 ,體重 50Kg ,BMI 20.8 的水平。
正常情況下這是很標準的體形,甚至有一點小。
如果身高,體重,任一比這高,BMR 是會更高,所需的能量更多。
但我很多時候,會見到建議的攝取量,在沒有預先提示體形,已經規限在 1000-1200之間而這,是不到 PAL 1.27 的水平。
假如這位女生,有習慣性運動,取值 PAL 1.70 ,其熱量赤字是 570 大卡,起跳。
那已經超出了 TDEE 赤字 30% 的範圍。
是不是會引起代謝下降?我疑惑。
如果用 BEE 算式,得出的數字是 1266
這是維持心跳,體溫的程度 ,而不包括上 PA Physical Activity
『Basal energy expenditure: the amount of energy required to maintain the body's normal metabolic activity, i.e. respiration, maintenance of body temperature etc. 』
這個建議值我會很懷疑,在沒有營養學功底之下,該如何去滿足 DRI ?
畢竟只要外食,營養密度必底,能量密度必高。
我用任何一種運算方向,都不可能在外食滿足條件。
而就是自煮,也要極大程度的限制所有空熱量才比較有機會去實施。
食材的質量,例如營生素,例如微量元素的下潮,是已知的情況。
有時我會想,不如每個人都用管灌,可能會比較省事吧 ...(默
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我無聊 ,所以我存在
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