間歇斷食重訓,科學嗎? - 健身
By Catherine
at 2017-03-05T01:12
at 2017-03-05T01:12
Table of Contents
總結: 斷食重訓不損傷肌肉與力量成長。並且,斷食對代謝的影響似乎是有利於健康
--
斷食(IF)與斷食重訓(LG)?
斷食(Intermittent fasting, IF)有很長的歷史,尤其是宗教理由的斷食。至今,世界上
仍有20-25%的人,每年斷食一次,連續30天從日出到日落不進食、不飲水
(穆斯林的齋戒月)
但至今,仍然很少運動員或教練會採用斷食作為飲食策略。
http://imgur.com/RAsOI2d
此圖表示,在2010年開始間歇性斷食(IF)與斷食重訓(LeanGains, LG)的搜尋數都迅速成
長。大眾對間歇性斷食的關注持續成長至今,但對於斷食重訓的關注在於2012年之後開始
逐年下降。
--
斷食重訓的概念?
最有名的提倡者為Martin Berkhan,但也有其他人的貢獻,例如:Brad Pilon, Andy
Morgan, Gregory O’Gallagher, Ori Hofmekler。
概念很簡單,每天禁食16小時,只有八小時可以吃東西(或直接不吃早餐)。禁食期間,可
使用代糖或BCAA輔助重量訓練,但禁止任何有卡路里的食物。剩下的飲食建議和傳統建議相同,高蛋白、訓練日攝取較高的卡路里
--
斷食重訓的爭議?
有人認為進食頻率過低,會減少肌肉合成,有人認為這只是間接少吃,或只是延續睡眠燃
脂效果。
現在大多數人認為: 如果斷食能幫助他們控制卡路里攝取量,有何不可。但一般來說,在
攝取相同熱量與蛋白質的情況下,改變進食的頻率與時間,對身體並沒有非常大的影響。
--
科學證據?
斷食有很長的歷史,但斷食重訓卻是這幾年才開始發展的概念。這方面的研究非常少。第
一篇相關研究發表於2016年底。
實驗對象:
共有34名年輕(20-30y)受試者,並且都有五年以上的訓練經驗。
實驗方法:
斷食實驗組(三餐時間: 1pm, 4pm, 8pm)
正常對照組(三餐時間: 8am, 1pm, 8pm)
兩組蛋白質攝取量都為 1.8-1.9g/kg/day, 一周三次訓練健力課表(6-8 reps 到力竭, 組
間休息3 mins)
實驗結果:
共八周實驗,結果唯一的差別是,斷食組的體脂肪重,下降了1.6公斤。但正常組的體脂
肪重不變。
但這並不是很驚人的成果,八周下降1.6公斤體脂肪,只需要每日200大卡的熱量赤字。無
論透過是運動、飲食、都非常容易達到這赤字。
--
延伸討論
研究企圖以脂連蛋白(adiponectin)的數據提升(刺激大腦消耗更多熱量),來說明斷食
組為何能減更多的體脂肪。但熱量赤字可能是比較好的解釋,這兩組的平均總熱量攝取量
剛好每日差200大卡。
http://imgur.com/kf37E38
TRF(斷食組, 2735),ND(正常組, 2910)
但斷食對代謝與賀爾蒙的影響非常有趣
睪固酮和生長激素(IGF-1)水平下降,幾種促炎細胞因子(pro-inflammatory cytokines)
水平下降,皮質醇(cortisol)水平增加,胰島素和血糖水平下降,三酸甘油脂水平下降,
T3水平下降,RER略有下降。
這些都在大量熱量赤字時,身體才會出現的反應。 但斷食組的熱量赤字非常的少(低於
10%TDEE),這熱量赤字不足以解釋這些影響。
這結果使研究人員宣稱,斷食能欺騙身體。即使你吃足TDEE的情況,身體依然以為你在節食。這種情況下,可幫助健康與延壽。
另外,正常組的實驗結果,沒有明顯代謝與賀而蒙上的改變
--
結論是甚麼?
斷食重訓不影響肌肉與力量成長。正常組與斷食組的肌肉量、肌肉大小、力量成長都相同
研究指出斷食組對減脂的效果,這點仍有爭議。
對賀爾蒙的影響,也許是有利於健康的趨勢,但這點並不意外。斷食本身對健康有某些程度的好處。
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研究限制
1) 研究對象只有受過訓練的年經人,無法推廣給一般人
2) 實驗只有八週,無法推測長期間歇性斷食的結果
3) 實驗的熱量赤字非常少(<10%),基本上是維持體重的熱量攝取。這和一般使用間歇斷食的情況不同(追求更大的熱量赤字)。本實驗並無法推廣至熱量赤字的與TDEE差距較大的情況
4) 實驗的熱量設計,是有問題的
5) 實驗只針對16/8的情況作分析,無法推廣至其他不同的斷食策略
--
[原文] The “Leangains” Intermittent Fasting Study Is Finally Here
http://www.strongerbyscience.com/intermittent-fasting-study/
[2016文獻] Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal
metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and
cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males
https://goo.gl/yt0rcG
--
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