不吃蛋白質,會怎樣? - 健身
By Agnes
at 2017-02-22T05:43
at 2017-02-22T05:43
Table of Contents
研究指出,等等,真的會有這麼病態的實驗嗎? 長期讓人營養不良,缺乏必需胺基酸?
事實上,有的。
飢餓實驗
最著名的實驗稱為"明尼蘇達飢餓實驗",這實驗發生於二戰期間,研究動機為 1) 人類對
飢荒的反應; 2) 如何對飢荒受害者提供救援
1944年初,實驗室開始招聘健康的志願者,透過軍方的幫助,有400多人自願參加這項研
究,以替代兵役; 其中約100人被選中進行詳細檢查。通過身體和心理測試,最終選擇了
36名白人男性,年齡範圍為22至33歲。
目的與方法
實驗的主要目的,是研究長期飢荒餓對健康男性的身體和心理的影響,以及他們康復情況
。為了這些目標,12個月的實驗分為四個不同的階段:
控制期(12週): 每天攝取3,200大卡的熱量。調整實驗個體接近其理想重量,同時調整
體重不足和體重過重的個體的飲食,以使其接近理想體重。
半飢餓期(24週): 在6個月的半飢餓期期間,攝入熱量被減少到每天1,560大卡。他們
的食物,代表戰爭後期歐洲的飲食:馬鈴薯,蘿蔔,麵包和通心麵。受試者每天接受兩餐
,每個人被分配了特定的工作任務,預計每週步行35公里。
限制康復期(12週): 實驗不同策略,測試個體不同的恢復情形
無限制康復期(8週): 最終康復期,熱量攝入和食物含量不受限制
實驗結果
在24週時間內,產生大致25%的總體重減輕。但大多數受試者經歷了嚴重的情緒困擾和抑
鬱,包括自殘(有傢伙砍了自己的手指,不知道是不是故意的)、食慾提高、性慾低落、社
交意願低落、理解能力、判斷能力下降、基礎代謝降低、與四肢水腫等。
最後附上受試者的照片,也可以發現肌肉流失的現象(這點不確定,也許原本就沒肌肉?)
http://imgur.com/a5SU99F
ps. 飢餓實驗通常被用來討論"飢荒模式"的荒謬性[3][4],很多人相信不需要計算卡路里是因為,即使精算出每日的熱量赤字,並且正確實行計畫。身體也終究會適應熱量赤字而不會有任何體重改變。飢餓實驗證實,長期熱量赤字,會瘦到病態的程度。身體的確有保護機制,但其實並不如我們所想像中的強大。
--
[1] Minnesota Starvation Experiment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Starvation_Experiment
[2] 二战时的“饥饿实验”:饿的惨不忍睹的志愿者竟是自愿参加?
https://kknews.cc/zh-sg/history/l84bjae.html
[3] Have I gone into starvation or survival mode because I'm eating less than
1200 calories per day & I can't lose weight?
http://www.nowloss.com/starvation-mode-myth.htm
[4] How can I avoid Starvation Mode?
https://www.reddit.com/r/Fitness/wiki/faq#wiki_diet_details
--
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